Blessed Among Women
Few people in Scripture are more worthy of honor than Mary of Nazareth. God chose her to bear His Son. An angel greeted her, Elisabeth blessed her, and Mary herself foresaw that all generations shall call me blessed (Luke 1:48). Bible-believing Christians should say so gladly. In reaction to Rome, Baptists have sometimes said almost nothing about Mary, and that is not the Bible's way either.
The Roman Catholic Church goes much further than Scripture. It teaches four Marian dogmas, invokes Mary as Advocate and Mediatrix, honors her as Queen of heaven, and commends prayer to her, above all in the Rosary.
- Mother of God. Affirmed by the bishops of the state church at the Council of Ephesus in 431.
- Perpetual virginity. Mary remained a virgin all her life, even in giving birth (Catechism, §§499–500). The title ever-virgin appears in the canons of the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.
- Immaculate Conception. Mary was preserved from original sin from the first moment of her conception. Defined by Pius IX on December 8, 1854.
- Assumption. At the end of her earthly life Mary was taken body and soul into heaven. Defined by Pius XII on November 1, 1950.
Catholics do not believe they worship Mary. The Catechism says devotion to her “differs essentially from the adoration which is given to the incarnate Word” and to the Father and the Holy Spirit (Catechism, §971). Theologians call it hyperdulia, the highest honor given to a creature, distinct from latria, the worship due to God alone (see Saints, Images, and Relics). We should represent that sincerely. The question is whether the honor Rome gives Mary, its titles, dogmas, and prayers, is the honor God gives her in His Word.
This study loves Mary and takes Scripture at its word. Both lead to the same place. The Mary of the Gospels points away from herself to her Son, and that is where this study means to point too.
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For Deeper Study
- Catechism of the Catholic ChurchAmazon Catholic ChurchThe primary source (1992; second edition 1997). Mary is treated in §§484–511, 963–975, and 2673–2679. Free to read at vatican.va.
- Munificentissimus DeusPius XIIThe 1950 apostolic constitution defining the Assumption, the primary source for the dogma. Free at vatican.va.
- Mary: Another Redeemer?Amazon James R. WhiteA careful critique of Marian dogma drawn from Catholic sources, by a Reformed Baptist apologist.
- Who Is My Mother? The Role and Status of the Mother of Jesus in the New Testament and Roman CatholicismAmazon Eric D. SvendsenAn evangelical scholar's detailed study of Mary in the New Testament, including the question of Jesus' brothers.
- Roman Catholic Theology and Practice: An Evangelical AssessmentAmazon Gregg R. AllisonA Southern Baptist theologian works through the Catechism section by section, including its Marian teaching.
- Foxe's Book of MartyrsAmazon John FoxeThe classic Protestant record of those who died for the faith, from the early church to the English Reformation.
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The Incarnation
The eternal Son of God took to Himself a true human nature, becoming man without ceasing to be God.
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